Inflammation Database
Recent research has centred on a form of low grade systemic inflammation (also called 'metaflammation' (ref), 'para flammation' (ref) or 'smouldering inflammation' (ref)) as a cause of many modern chronic diseases.
Accumulating evidence shows a list of lifestyle and environmental stimulants causing pro- ('unhealthy') or anti-inflammatory ('healthy') effects as shown by a range of chemical markers. The accompanying table and data-base provides a list of references for each of these for researchers and clinicians working in the field. You are invited to add any reference for consideration for addition to this table.
| Pro-Inflammatory | Anti-Inflammatory |
|---|---|
| Lifestyle Related | |
|
|
| Environment Related | |
Pro-Inflammatory
Lifestyle Related
Drug Abuse
Cocaine
Crawford FC, Wood ML, Wilson SE, Mathura VS, Hollen TR, Geall F, Kolippakkam DN, Mullan MJ. Cocaine induced inflammatory response in human neuronal progenitor cells. J Neurochem. 2006;97(3):662-74.
Tacker DH, Okorodudu AO. Evidence for injurious effect of cocaethylene in human microvascular endothelial cells. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Jul;345(1-2):69-77.
Methamphetamine
Asanuma M, Miyazaki I, Higashi Y, Tsuji T, Ogawa N. Specific gene expression and possible involvement of inflammation in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Oct;1025:69-75.
Yamamoto BK, Bankson MG. Amphetamine neurotoxicity: cause and consequence of oxidative stress. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 2005;17(2):87-117.
Exercise (Excessive)
Neubauer O, Kِnig D, Wagner KH. Recovery after an Ironman triathlon: sustained inflammatory responses and muscular stress. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Inactivity/Low Cv Fitness/Sarcopenia
Booth FW, Laye MJ, Lees SJ, Rector RS, Thyfault JP. Reduced physical activity and risk of chronic disease: the biology behind the consequences. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 102(4): 381-90.
Bruunsgaard, H, Pedersen BK. Age-related inflammatory cytokines and disease. Immuol Allergy Clin North Am 2003; 23: 15–39.
Hamburg NM, McMackin CJ, Huang AL, Shenouda SM, Widlansky ME, Schulz E, Gokce N, Ruderman NB, Keaney JF Jr, Vita JA. Physical inactivity rapidly induces insulin resistance and microvascular dysfunction in healthy volunteers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27(12): 2650-6.
Roubenoff R. Physical activity, inflammation, and muscle loss. Nutr Rev 2007 Dec;65(12 Pt 2):S208-12.
Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Warnberg J, Sjِstrِm M. Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 Jul 24; [Epub ahead of print
Shamsuzzaman AS, Winnicki M, Lanfranchi P, Wolk R, Kara T, Accurso V, Somers VK. Elevated C-Reactive protein in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 2002; 105: 2462-72.
Nutrition
Alcohol (Excessive)
O’Keefe J, Bybee K, Lavie C. Alcohol: the razor-sharp double-edged sword. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1009 –14.
Wang JJ, Tung TH, Yin WH, Huang CM, Jen HL, Wei J, Young MS. Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on inflammatory biomarkers. Acta Cardiol 2008; 63(1): 65-72.
Energy Intake (Excessive)
Amar J, Burcelin R, Ruidavets JB, Cani PD, Fauvel J, Alessi MC, Chamontin B, Ferrie´res J. Energy intake is associated with endotoxemia in apparently healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1219 –23.
Esposito K, Ceriello A, Giugliano D. Diet and the metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2007; 5(4): 291-6.
Galgani J, Aguirre C, Diaz E. Acute effect of meal glycaemic index and glycaemic load on blood glucose and insulin response in humans. Nutr J 2006; 5: 22-8.
Hickling S, Hung J, Knuiman M, Divitini M, Beilby J. Are the associations between diet and C-reactive protein independent of obesity? Prev Med 2008; doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.007
Nordestgaard B, Benn M, Schnohr P, Tybjaerg-Hansen A. Fasting compared to non-fasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. JAMA 2007; 198: 299-308.
Solinas G, Vilcu C, Neels JG, Bandyopadhyay GK, Luo J-L, Naugler W, Grivennikov S, Wynshaw-Boris A, Scadeng M, Olefsky JM, Karin M. JNK1 in hematopoietically derived cells contributes to diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance without affecting obesity. Cell Metab 2007; 6(5): 386-97.
'Fast' Food/Western Style Diet
Aljada A, Mohanty P, Ghanim H, Abdo T, Tripathy D, Chaudhuri A, Dandona P. Increase in intranuclear nuclear factor B and decrease in inhibitor B in mononuclear cells after a mixed meal: evidence for a proinflammatory effect. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79: 682-90.
Devaraj S, Wang-Polagruto J, Polagruto J, Keen CL, Jialal I. High-fat, energy-dense, fast-food-style breakfast results in an increase in oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Metabolism. 2008 Jun;57(6):867-70.
Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Azadbakht L, Hu FB, Willett WC. Dietary Patterns and Markers of Systemic
Inflammation among Iranian Women. J Nutr 2007; 137:992-998.
Fung, TT, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Rifai N, Tofler GH, Willett WC, Hu FB. Association between dietary patterns and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:61–7.
Kechagias S, Ernersson A, Dahlqvist , Lundberg P, Lindstrِm , Nystrom FH. Fast food based hyper-alimentation can induce rapid and
profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy subjects. Gut 2008 0: 200713179
Lopez-Garcia, E , SchulzeMB, Fung TT, Meigs JB, Rifai N, Manson JE, Hu FB. Major dietary patterns are related to plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1029 –35.
Fasting
van der Crabben SK, Allick G, Ackermans MT, Endert E, Romijn JA, Sauerwein HP. Prolonged fasting induces peripheral insulin resistance, which is not ameliorated by high-dose salicylate. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2007; 93(2):638-41.
Fat
Saturated Fatty Acids
Delgado-Lista J, Lopez-Miranda J, Cortes B, Perez-Martinez P, Lozano A, Gomez-Luna R, Gomez P, Gomez MJ, Criado J, Fuentes F, Perez-Jiminez F. Chronic dietary fat intake modifies the postprandial response of hemostatic markers to a single fatty test meal. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 317-22.
Erridge C, Attina T, Spickett CM, Webb DJ. A high-fat meal induces low-grade endotoxemia: evidence of a novel mechanism of postprandial inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86(5): 1286-92.
Hهversen L, Danielsson KN, Fogelstrand L, Wiklund O. Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by long-chain saturated fatty acids in human macrophages. Atherosclerosis. 2008 May 28. [Epub ahead of print]
Jakulj F, Zernicke K, Bacon S, et al. A high fat meal increases cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in healthy young adults. J Nutr 2007;137: 935–9.
Mohanty P, G.H., Hamouda W. Both lipid and protein intakes stimulated increased generation of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells. Am J Clin Nutr, 2002. 75(767-72).
O’Keefe J, Bell D. The post-prandial hyperglycemia/hyperlipemia hypothesis: a hidden cardiovascular risk factor? Am J Cardiol 2007;
100: 899 –904.
Petersson H, Lind L, Hulthe J, Elmgren A, Cederholm T, Risérus U. Relationships between serum fatty acid composition and multiple markers of inflammation and endothelial function in an elderly population. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print].
Tschop M, Thomas G. Fat fuels insulin resistance through toll-like receptors. Nature 2006;12(12):1359-61.
Velloso LA, Araْjo EP, de Souza CT. Diet-Induced Inflammation of the Hypothalamus in Obesity. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2008 Sep 9;15(3):189-193. ( Inflammation in hyopothalamus)
Trans Fatty Acids
Han NS, Leka LS, Lichtenstein AH, Ausman LM, Schaefer EJ, Meydani SN. Effect of hydrogenated and saturated, relative to polyunsaturated, fat on immune and inflammatory responses of adults with moderate hyper-cholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 2002; 43: 445-52.
Mozaffarian, D, Katan, MB, Ascherio, A, Stampfer, MJ, Dr.P.H., Willett, WC. Trans Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease. NEJM, Volume 354:1601-1613
High Fat Diet
Aeberli I, Beljean N, Lehmann R, L'allemand D, Spinas GA, Zimmermann MB. The increase of fatty acid-binding protein aP2 in overweight and obese children: interactions with dietary fat and impact on measures of subclinical inflammation. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Matsuzawa-Nagata N, Takamura T, Ando H, Nakamura S, Kurita S, Misu H, Ota T, Yokoyama M, Honda M, Miyamoto KI, Kaneko S. Increased oxidative stress precedes the onset of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity. Metabolism. 2008 Aug;57(8):1071-1077.
N3:N6 Fatty Acids
Calder PC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammatory processes and inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 May 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 560S-569S.
Fructose
Parks EJ, Skokan LE, Timlin MT, Dingfelder CS. Dietary sugars stimulate fatty acid synthesis in adults. J Nutr 2008; 138(6):1039-1046.
Rayssiguier Y, Gueux E, Nowacki W, Rock E, Mazur A. High fructose consumption combined with low dietary magnesium intake may increase the incidence of the metabolic syndrome by inducing inflammation. Magnes Res 2006; 19(4): 237-43.
Rebolledo OR, Marra CA, Raschia A, Rodriguez S, Gagliardino JJ. Abdominal Adipose Tissue: Early Metabolic Dysfunction Associated to Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress Induced by an Unbalanced Diet. Horm Metab Res. 2008 Jul 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Glucose
High Glucose/Glycaemic Index (Gi) Foods
Dickinson S, Hancock DP, Petocz P, Ceriello A, Brand-Miller J. High-glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-kappaB activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;87(5):1188-93.
Kallio P, Kolhmainen M, Laaksonen DE, Pulkkinenen L, Atalay M, Mykkanen H, Uusitupa m, Poutanen K, Niskanen L. Inflammation markers are modulated by responses to diets differing in postprandial responses in individuals with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1497-503.
Nareika A, Im YB, Game BA, Slate EH, Sanders JJ, London SD, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. High glucose enhances lipopolysaccharide-stimulated CD14 expression in U937 mononuclear cells by increasing nuclear factor kappaB and AP-1 activities. J Endocrinol 2008;196:45-55.
Glycaemic Load
Beulens JW, de Bruijne LM, Stolk RP, Peeters PH, Bots ML, Grobbee DE, van der Schouw YT. High dietary glycaemic load and glycaemic index increase risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50:14-21.
Galgani J, Aguirre C, Diaz E. Acute effect of meal glycaemic index and glycaemic load on blood glucose and insulin response in humans. Nutr J 2006; 5: 22-8.
Glycaemic Status
Ye X, Franco OH, Yu Z, Li H, Hu FB, Liu H, Wang X, Tang H, Liu Y,Lin X. Associations of inflammatory factors with glycaemic status among middle-aged and older Chinese people. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). Sep 2. [Epub ahead of print]
Milk
Laugesen M, Elliott R. Ischaemic heart disease, Type 1 diabetes and cow milk A1 B-caein.NZ Med J 2003;116(1168):1-19
Refined Carbohydrate
Arora S, McFarlane S. The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management. Nutr Metab 2005;2:16 –24.
Salt
Katsuya T, Rakugi H, Ogihara T. Inflammation and salt sensitivity in the early state of hypertension. Hypertens Res 2007; 30: 105-7.
Obesity/ Weight Gain
Arner P. Introduction: The inflammation orchestra in adipose tissue. J Int Med 2007; 262(4):404-7.
Dandona P, Aljada A, Bandyopadhyay A. Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. Trends Immunol 2004; 25(1): 4-7.
de Ferranti S, Mozaffarian D. The Perfect Storm: Obesity, Adipocyte Dysfunction, and Metabolic Consequences. Clin Chem. 2008 Apr 24 [Epub ahead of print]
Ferrante, AW Jr., Obesity-induced inflammation: a metabolic dialogue in the language of inflammation. J Int Med 2007;4:408-14
Greenberg AS, Obin MS. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:461S-465S.
Hotamisligil G.S, Shargill NS, Piegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 1993; 259: 87–91.
Kim K, Valentine RJ, Shin Y, Gong K. Associations of visceral adiposity and exercise participation with C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction in Korean healthy adults. Metabolism. 2008 Sep;57(9):1181-9.
Nakamura Y, Ueshima H, Okuda N, Higashiyama A, Kita Y, Kadowaki T, Okamura T, Murakami Y, Okayama A, Choudhury SR, Rodriguez B, Curb JD, Stamler J, for the INTERLIPID Research Group. Relation of dietary and other lifestyle traits to difference in serum adiponectin concentration of Japanese in Japan and Hawaii: the INTERLIPID Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:424 –30
Nathan C. Epidemic inflammation: Pondering obesity. Mol Med 2008; April 20. doi:10.2119/2008-00038
Sharma NK, Das SK, Mondal AK, Hackney OG, Chu WS, Kern PA, Rasouli N, Spencer HJ, Yao-Borengasser A, Elbein SC. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers Are Associated With Obesity In Non-Diabetic Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Tzoulaki, I., Jarvelin, M.-R., Hartikainen, A.-L., Leinonen, M., Pouta, A., Paldanius, M., Ruokonen, A., Canoy d,, Sovio U, Saikku P, Elliott, P. Size at birth, weight gain over the life course, and low-grade inflammation in young adulthood: northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study. European Heart Journal 2008 29 (8), pp. 1049-1056
Visser M, Bouter LM, McQuillan GM, Wener MH, Harris TB. Elevated C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese adults. JAMA 1999;282:2131-5.
Valentine RJ, Vieira VJ, Woods JA, Evans EM. Stronger relationship between central adiposity and C-reactive protein in older women than men. Menopause. 2008 Sep 10. [Epub ahead of print]
Sleep Deprivation
Burgos I, Richter L, Klein T, Fiebich B, Feige B, Lieb K, Voderholzer U, Riemann D. Increased nocturnal interleukin-6 excretion in patients with primary insomnia: a pilot study. Brain Behav Immunol 2006; 20: 246-253.
Irwin MR, Wang M, Campomayor CO, Collado-Hidalgo A, Cole S. Sleep deprivation and activation of morning levels of cellular and genomic markers of inflammation. Arch Int Med 2006; 166: 1756-62.
Irwin MR, Wang M, Ribeiro D, Cho HJ, Olmstead R, Breen EC, Martinez-Maza O, Cole S. Sleep Loss Activates Cellular Inflammatory Signaling. Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Jun 16. [Epub ahead of print]
Mills PJ, von Kanel R, Norman D, Natarajan L, Ziegler MG, Dimsdale JE. Inflammation and sleep in healthy individuals. Sleep 2007; 30:729-35.
Opp MR. Cytokines and sleep Sleep Med Rev 2005; 9: 355-64.
Punjabi NM, Bearner BA. C-reactive protein is associated with sleep disordered breathing independent of adiposity. Sleep 2007; 30; 29-34.
Simpson N, Dinges DF. Sleep and inflammation. Nutr Rev 2007; 65(12); S244-S252.
Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, Bandorf N, Born J, Schultes B. Sleep loss alters basal metabolic hormone secretion and modulates the dynamic counter regulatory response to hypoglycemia. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2007; 92(8): 3044-51.
Verhulst SL, Schrauwen N, Haentjens D, Rooman RP, Van Gaal L, De Backer WA, Desager KN. Sleep-disordered breathing and systemic inflammation in overweight children and adolescents. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2008 Jun 12:1-6. [Epub ahead of print]
Vgontzas AN, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP. Obesity-related sleepiness and fatigue: The role of the stress system and cytokines. Ann NY Acad Sc 2006; 1083: 329-44.
Smoking (Including 2nd Hand Smoke)
Bazzano LA, He J, Muntner P, Vupputuri S, Whelton PK. Relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for cardio-vascular disease in the united States. Ann Int Med 2003;138:891-897.
Chalmers GW, MacLeod KJ, Thomson L, Little SA, McSharry C, Thomson NC. Smoking and airway inflammation in patients with mild asthma. Chest 2001; 120: 1917-22.
Fujita M, Nakanishi Y. The pathogenesis of COPD: Lessons learned from in vivo animal models. Med Sci Monit, 2007; 13(2): RA19-24.
Jorgensen ED, Stinson A, Shan L, Yang J, Gietl D, Albino AP. Cigarette Smoke Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Normal and Malignant Human Lung Cells. BMC Cancer. 2008 Aug 11;8(1):229.
Lao, X.Q., Jiang, C.Q., Zhang, W.S., Adab, P., Lam, T.H., Cheng, K.K., Thomas, G.N. Smoking, smoking cessation and inflammatory markers in older Chinese men: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Atherosclerosis, 2008 Article in Press
Vernooy JH, Küçükaycan M, Jacobs JA, Chavannes NH, Buurman WA, Dentener MA, Wouters EF. Local and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors are increased in sputum. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 1218-24.
Willemse BWM, Postma DS, Tiimes W, ten Hacken NHT. The impact of smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms, lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 464-467.
SMOKING (Passive)
Heiss, C, Amabile, N, Lee, AC, Real, Schick, SF, Lao, D, Wong, ML, Jahn, S, Angeli, FS, Minasi,P, Springer, ML, Hammond,SK, Glantz, SA, Grossman, W, Balmes, JR, Yeghiazarians,Y. Brief Secondhand Smoke Exposure Depresses Endothelial Progenitor Cells Activity and Endothelial Function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 1760-1771.
Stress
Avitsur R, Stark JL, Dhabhar FS, Padgett DA, Sheridan JF. Social disruption-induced glucocorticoid resistance: kinetics and site specificity. J Neurimmunology 2002; 124: 54-61.
Black PH. Stress and the inflammatory response: a review of neurogenic inflammation Brain Behav Immun. 2002 Dec;16(6):622-53.
Black PH. The inflammatory response is an integral part of the stress response: Implications for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome X. Brain Behav Immun 2003; 17(5): 350-64.
Brydon L, Wright CE, O'Donnell K, Zachary I, Wardle J, Steptoe A. Stress-induced cytokine responses and central adiposity in young women. Int J Obes 2008; 32, 443–450
Calcagni E, Elenkov I. Stress system activity, innate and T helper cytokines, and susceptibility to immune-related diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jun;1069:62-76.
Elenkov IJ, Chrousos GP. Stress hormones, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and autoimmunity. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002;966:290-303.
Gémes, K., Ahnve, S., Janszky, I. Inflammation a possible link between economical stress and coronary heart disease. European Journal of Epidemiology 2008; 23 (2), pp. 95-103
Hamer M, Gibson EL, Vuononvirtac R, Williamsa E, Steptoe A. Inflammatory and hemostatic responses to repeated mental stress: Individual stability and habituation over time. Brain Behav & Immun 2006; 20(5): 456-9.
Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Inflammation as an intermediate pathway in the association between psychosocial stress and obesity. Physiol Behav. 2008 Mar 30.
Kemeny ME, Schedlowski M. Understanding the interaction between psychosocial stress and immune-related diseases: A stepwise progression Brain behav & Immun 2007; Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 21 (8), pp. 1009-1018
Kryou I, Chrounos GP, Tsigos C. Stress, visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006; 1083: 77-110.
Mattson MP. Hormesis and disease resistance: activation of cellular stress response pathways. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2008 Feb;27(2):155-62.
Petersen KL, Marsland AL, Flory J, Votruba-Drzal E, Muldoon MF, Manuck SB. Community Socioeconomic Status is Associated With Circulating Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein. Psychosom Med. 2008 Jul;70(6):646-52. (SE STRESS)
Anxiety
Bankier B, Barajas J, Martinez-Rumayor A, Januzzi JL. Association between C-reactive protein and generalized anxiety disorder in stable coronary heart disease patients. Eur Heart J. 2008 Jul 4. [Epub ahead of print].
Garcيa-Bueno B, Caso JR, Leza JC. Stress as a neuroinflammatory condition in brain: Damaging and protective mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 Apr 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Burnout
Grossi G, Perski A, Evengard B, Blomkvist V, Orth-Gomer K. Physiological correlates of burnout among women. J Psychosom Res 2003;55:309-16.
Janszky I, Lekander M, Blom M, Georgiades A, Ahnve S. Self-rated health and vital exhaustion, but not depression is related to inflammation in women with coronary heart disease. Brain Behav Immun 2005;19:555-63.
Toker S, Shiron A, Shapira I, Berliner S, Melamed S. The association between burnout, depression, anxiety, and inflammation biomarkers: C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in men and women. J Occup Health Psychol 2005;10:344-62.
von Kنnel, R., Bellingrath, S., Kudielka, B.M. Association between burnout and circulating levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in schoolteachers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2008; 65 (1), pp. 51-59
Depression
Dixon JB, Hayden MJ, Lambert GW, Dawood T, Anderson ML, Dixon ME, O'Brien PE. Raised CRP Levels in Obese Patients: Symptoms of Depression Have an Independent Positive Association. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 May 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Evans DL, Staab JP, Petitto JM, Morrison MF, Szuba MP, Ward HE, Wingate B, Luber MP, O’Readon JP. Depression in the medical setting: biopsychological interactions and treatment considerations. J Clin Pyschiat 1999; 60: 40-55.
Kulmatycki KM, Jamali F. Drug disease interactions: Role of inflammatory mediators in depression and variability in antidepressant drug response. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2006; 9(3): 292-306.
Leonard BE. Inflammation, Depression and Dementia: Are they Connected? Neurochem Res. 2007 Aug 20; [Epub ahead of print
Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends Immunol. 2006 Jan;27(1):24-31.
Williams ED, Steptoe A. The role of depression in the etiology of acute coronary syndrome. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2007 Dec;9(6):486-92
Ultra-Violet Light (Excessive)
Bennett MF, Robinson MK, Baron ED, Cooper KD. Skin immune systems and inflammation: protector of the skin or promoter of aging? J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2008 Apr;13(1):15-9.
Pillai S, Oresajo C, Hayward J. Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: roles of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation-induced matrix degradation - a review. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2005 Feb;27(1):17-34.
Ultra-Violet Light (Inadequate – Vitamin D Deficiency)
Overbergh L, Decallonne B, Valckx D, Verstuyf A, Depovere J, Laureys J, Rutgeerts O, Saint-Arnaud R, Bouillon R, Mathieu C: Identification and immune regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-alpha-hydroxylase in murine macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol
2000, 120:139-146.
Peterson CA, Heffernan ME. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations are negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy women. J Inflamm (Lond). 2008 Jul 24;5:10.
Sadeghi K, Wessner B, Laggner U, Ploder M, Tamandl D, Friedl J, Zugel U, Steinmeyer A, Pollak A, Roth E, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Spittle A: Vitamin D3 down-regulates monocyte TLR expression and triggers hyporesponsiveness to pathogen-associated
molecular patterns. Eur J Immunol 2006, 36:361-370.
Unhealthy Lifestyle
Warnberg J, Nova e, Romeo J, Moreno LA, Sjostrom M, Marcos A. Lifestyle-related determinants of inflammation in adolescence. Brit J Nutr 2007;98 (Suppl 1): S116-S120
Environment Related
Air Pollution
Kelishadi R, Mirghaffari N, Poursafa P, Gidding SS. Lifestyle and environmental factors associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in children. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print].
Nam HY, Ahn E-K, Kim HJ, Lim Y, Lee CB, LeeKY, Vallyathan V. Diesel exhaust particles increase IL-1ك-induced human ك-defensin expression via NF-?B-mediated pathway in human lung epithelial CELLS. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2006, 3:9: doi:10.1186/1743-8977-3-9
Low Humidity
Agren J, Sjِrs G, Sedin G. Ambient humidity influences the rate of skin barrier maturation in extremely preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2006;148(5):613-7.
Ashida Y, Denda M. Dry environment increases mast cell number and histamine content in dermis in hairless mice. Br J Dermatol. 2003 Aug;149(2):240-7.
Ashida Y, Ogo M, Denda M. Epidermal interleukin-1 alpha generation is amplified at low humidity: implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Feb;144(2):238-43.
Denda M, Sato J, Tsuchiya T, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Low humidity stimulates epidermal DNA synthesis and amplifies the hyperproliferative response to barrier disruption: implication for seasonal exacerbations of inflammatory dermatoses. J Invest Dermatol. 1998 Nov;111(5):873-8
'Sick Building' Syndrome
Wargocki P, Sundell J, Bischof W, Brundrett G, Fanger PO, Gyntelberg F, Hanssen SO, Harrison P, Pickering A, Seppنnen O, Wouters P. Ventilation and health in non-industrial indoor environments: report from a European multidisciplinary scientific consensus meeting (EUROVEN). Indoor Air. 2002 Jun;12(2):113-28.
Anti-Inflammatory
Activity
Adamopoulos S, Parissis J, Kroupis C, Georgiadis M, Karatzas D, Karavolias G, Koniavitou k, Coats AJ, Kremastinos DT. Physical training reduces peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2001;22(9):791-797.
Bo S, Ciccone G, Guidi S, Gambino R, Durazzo M, Gentile L, Cassader M, Cavallo-Perin P, Pagano G. Diet or exercise: what is more effective in preventing or reducing metabolic alterations? Eur J Endocrinol. 2008 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print]
Bradley RL, Jeon JY, Liu FF, Maratos-Flier E. Voluntary Exercise Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jun 24. [Epub ahead of print]
Brooks SV, Vasilaki A, Larkin LM, McArdle A, Jackson MJ. Repeated bouts of aerobic exercise lead to reductions in skeletal muscle free radical generation and NF{kappa}B activation. J Physiol. 2008 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]
Bruunsgaard H. Physical activity and modulation of systemic low-level inflammation. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Oct;78(4):819-35.
Jimenez C, Mathieu J, Peinnequin A, Carter R 3rd, Alonso A, Melin B. Immune function during and after 60 min of moderate exercise wearing protective clothing. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2008 Jun;79(6):570-6.
Kadoglou NP, Iliadis F, Angelopoulou N, Perrea D, Ampatzidis G, Liapis CD, Alevizos M. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007; 14(6): 837-43. (without weight loss)
Jae SY, Heffernan KS, Lee MK, Fernhall B, Park WH. Relation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness to Inflammatory Markers, Fibrinolytic Factors, and Lipoprotein(a) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2008 Sep 15;102(6):700-3. Epub 2008 Jun 26.
Kizaki T, Takemasa T, Sakurai T, Izawa T, Hanawa T, Kamiya S, Haga S, Imaizumi K, Ohno H. Adaptation of macrophages to
exercise training improves innate immunity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 May 9. [Epub ahead of print]
Moien-Afshari F, Ghosh S, Khazaei M, Kieffer TJ, Brownsey RW, Laher I. Exercise restores endothelial function independently of weight loss or hyperglycaemic status in db/db mice. Diabetologia. 2008 Apr 25
Niebauer J. Effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in patients with heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2008; 13(1): 39-49.
Pedersen BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise: its role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease control. Essays Biochem 2006;42:105-117.
Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Warnberg J, Sjِstrِm M. Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 Jul 24; [Epub ahead of print
Timmerman KL, Flynn MG, Coen PM, Markofski MM, Pence BD. Exercise training-induced lowering of inflammatory (CD14+CD16+) monocytes: a role in the anti-inflammatory influence of exercise? J Leukoc Biol. 2008 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
Zoppini G, Targher G, Zamboni C, Venturi C, Cacciatore V, Moghetti P, Muggeo M. Effects of moderate intensity exercise training on plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in older patients with Type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006;16(8):543-549.
Resistance
Al-Majid S, Waters H. The biological mechanisms of cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting: the role of progressive resistance exercise. Biol Res Nurs. 2008 Jul;10(1):7-20.
Walking
Hamer M, Steptoe A. Walking, vigorous physical activity, and markers of hemostasis and inflammation in healthy men and women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Feb 2 [Epub ahead of print]
Levine J. Exercise: a walk in the park? Mayo Clin Proc 2007;82: 797–8.
Yates T, Davies M, Brady E, Webb D, Gorely T, Bull F, Talbot D, Sattar N, Khunti K. Walking and inflammatory markers in individuals screened for type 2 diabetes. Prev Med. 2008 Jul 3. [Epub ahead of print]
Yoga
Pullen PR, Nagamia SH, Mehta PK, Thompson WR, Benardot D, Hammoud R, Parrott JM, Sola S, Khan BV. Effects of yoga on inflammation and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2008;14(5):407-13.
Extensive Lifestyle Change
Balagopal P, Graham TE, KahnBB, Altomare A, Funanage V, George D. Reduction of Elevated Serum Retinol Binding Protein in Obese Children by Lifestyle Intervention: Association with Subclinical Inflammation. J Clin Endocrin & Metab 2007; 92(5):1971–1974.
Bo, S., Ciccone, G., Baldi, C., Benini, L, Dusio, F., Forastiere, G., Lucia, C., (...), Pagano, G. Effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention on metabolic syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2007; 22 (12), pp. 1695-1703.
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Intensive Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin on Inflammation and
Coagulation in Participants With Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Diabetes. 2005 May ; 54(5): 1566–1572.
Han SN, Leka LS, Lichtenstein AH, Ausman LM, Meydani SN. Effect of a therapeutic lifestyle change diet on immune functions of moderately hypercholesterolemic humans. J. Lipid Res. 2003. 44: 2304–2310.
Herder C, Peltonen M, Koenig W, Kraft I, 1 Muller-Scholze S, Martin S,Lakka T, IIlanne-Parikka P, Eriksson JG ,Hamalainen H,
Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Valle TT, Uusitupa M, Lindstrom J, Kolb H, Tuomilehto J, for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Systemic Immune Mediators and Lifestyle Changes in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Diabetes 55:2340–2346, 2006
Nutrition
Alcohol (Moderate)
Bianco-Colio LM, Valderrama M, Alvarez-Sala LA, Bustos C, Ortego M, Hernadez-Presa MA, Cancelas P, Gomez-Gerique J, Millan J, Edigo J. Red wine intake prevents nuclear factor k-B activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers during post-prandial lipemia. Circulation 2000;102:1020-1026.
Brand-Miller J
Estruch R, Sacanella, E, Badia E, Antunez E, Nicolas JM, Fernandez-Sola J, Rotilio D, de Gaeteno G, Rubin E, Urbano-Marquez A. Different effects of red wine and gin consumption on inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis: a prospective randomised crossover trial. Effects of wine on inflammatory markers. Atherosclerosis 2004;175(1):117-123.
Gresele P, Pignatelli P,Guglielmini G, Carnevale R, Mezzasoma AM, Ghiselli A, Momi S, Violi F. Resveratrol, at Concentrations Attainable with Moderate Wine Consumption, Stimulates Human Platelet Nitric Oxide Production. J. Nutr. 138:1602-1608,
O’Keefe J, Bybee K, Lavie C. Alcohol: the razor-sharp double-edged sword. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1009 –14.
Sacanella, E, Va´zquez-Agell M, Mena MP, Antu´nez E, Ferna´ndez-Sola´ J, Nicola´s JM, Lamuela-Ravento´s LM, Ros E, Estruch R. Down-regulation of adhesion molecules and other inflammatory biomarkers after moderate wine consumption in healthy women: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1463–9
Wang JJ, Tung TH, Yin WH, Huang CM, Jen HL, Wei J, Young MS. Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on inflammatory biomarkers. Acta Cardiol 2008; 63(1): 65-72.
Anti-Oxidants
Ahn J, Lee H, Kim S, Ha T. Resveratrol inhibits TNF-alpha-induced changes of adipokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Oct 26; [Epub ahead of print]
Chun OK, Chung S-J, Claycombe KJ, Song WO. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations are inversely associated with dietary flavinoid intake in U.S. adults. J Nutr 2008;138:753-760.
Gonzales AM, Orlando RA. Curcumin and resveratrol inhibit Nuclear Factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008;5(1):17
Ock, K.C., Chung, S.-J., Claycombe, K.J., Song, W.O. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations are inversely associated with dietary flavonoid intake in U.S. adults. Journal of Nutrition 2008; 138 (4), pp. 753-760
Vinayagamoorthi R, Bobby Z, Sridhar MG. Antioxidants preserve redox balance and inhibit c-Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway while improving insulin signaling in fat-fed rats: evidence for the role of oxidative stress on IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and insulin resistance. J Endocrinol. 2008; 197 (2): 287-96
Cocoa/Dark Chocolate
Faridi Z, Njike VY, Dutta S, Ali A, Katz DL. Acute dark chocolate and cocoa ingestion and endothelial function: a randomised controlled crossover tyrial. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:58-63
Dairy Calcium
Zemel MB, Sun X. Dietary Calcium and Dairy Products Modulate Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress. J Nutr 2008; 138(6); Health Module, 1047-1052.
Energy Intake (Restricted)
Bishop NA, Guarente I. Genetic links between diet and lifespan: shared mechanism from yeast to humans. Nat Rev Genet 2007;8:835-844.
Chung HY, Cesari M, Anton S, Marzetti E, Giovannini S, Seo AY, Carter C, Yu BP, Leeuwenburgh C. Molecular inflammation: Underpinnings of aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev. 2008 Jul 18.
Civitarese AE, Carling S, Heilbronn LK, Hulver MH, Ukropcova B, Deutsch WA, Smith SR, Ravussin E, for the CALERIE Pennington Team. Calorie Restriction Increases Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Healthy Humans. PLos Med 2007; 4(3): e76.
Crujeiras AB, Parra D, Milagro FI, Goyenechea E, Larrarte E, Margareto J, Martيnez JA. Differential Expression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Related Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Response to a Low-Calorie Diet: A Nutrigenomics Study. OMICS. 2008 Aug 7. [Epub ahead of print)
Fontana L. Calorie restriction and metabolic health. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehab 2008; 15(1); 3-9.
Jolly CA. Dietary restriction and immune function. J Nutr 2004;134:1853-1856.
Levenson CW, Rick NJ. Eat less, live longer? New insights into the role of calorie restriction in the brain. Nutr Rev 2007; 65 (9); 412-5.
Fat
Mono-Unsaturated Fat
Fitَ M, Cladellas M, de la Torre R , Martي J, Muٌoz D, Schrِder H, Alcلntara M, Pujadas-Bastardes M, Marrugat M, Lَpez-Sabater MC, Bruguera J, Covas MI, and the members of the SOLOS Investigators. Anti-inflammatory effect of virgin olive oil in stable coronary disease patients: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62: 570-4.
Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA, Franklin B, Kris-Etherton P, Harris WS, Howard B, Karanja N, Lefevre M, Rudel L, Sacks F, Van Horn L, Winston M, Wylie-Rosett J. Summary of American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations revision 2006. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Oct;26(10):2186-91.
Morgan NG, Dhayal S, Diakogiannaki E, Welters HJ. The cytoprotective actions of long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids in pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem Soc Trans. 2008 Oct;36(Pt 5):905-8.
High N3:N6 Ratio
Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 560S-569S.
Fish
Calder PC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammatory processes and inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 May 26. [Epub ahead of print
Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, et al. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomized open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet 2007; 369: 1090–8.
Fibre (High Intake)
Bo S, Ciccone G, Guidi S, Gambino R, Durazzo M, Gentile L, Cassader M, Cavallo-Perin P, Pagano G. Diet or exercise: what is more effective in preventing or reducing metabolic alterations? Eur J Endocrinol. 2008 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print]
Esposito K., Nappo F, Giugliano F et al. Meal modulation of circulating interleukin 18 and Adiponectin concentrations in healthy subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:1135-40.
King DE, Egan BM, Woolson RF, Mainous AG 3rd, Al-Solaiman Y, Yesri A. Effect of a high fibre diet vs a fiber supplemented diet on C-reactive protein level. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:502-6.
Ma Y, Griffith J, Chasan-Taber L, et al. Association between dietary fiber and serum C-reactive protein. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 760–6.
Ma Y, Hébert JR, Li W, Bertone-Johnson ER, Olendzki B, Pagoto SL, Tinker L, Rosal MC, Ockene IS, Ockene JK, Griffith JA, Liu S. Association between dietary fiber and markers of systemic inflammation in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Nutrition. 2008 Jun 16. [Epub ahead of print]
Oi L, Meigs JB, Liu S, Manson JE, Mantzoros C, Hu FB. Dietary fibers and glycaemic load, obesity, and plasmA Adiponectin levels in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006;29:1501-05.
Fruit And Vegetables
Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA, Franklin B, Kris-Etherton P, Harris WS, Howard B, Karanja N, Lefevre M, Rudel L, Sacks F, Van Horn L, Winston M, Wylie-Rosett J. Summary of American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations revision 2006. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Oct;26(10):2186-91.
Puglisi MJ, Vaishnav U, Shrestha S, Torres-Gonzalez, M,Wood,RJ, Volek, JS, Fernandez,ML Raisins and additional walking have distinct effects on plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines. Lipids in Health and Disease. 7:14 doi:10.1186/1476-511X-7-14
Zern TL, Fernandez ML. Cardioprotective effects of dietary polyphenols. J Nutr 2005;135(1)):2291-2294.
Zern TL, Wood RJ, Greene C, West KL, Liu Y, Aggarwal D, Shacter NS, Fernandez ML. Grape polyphenols exert a cardioproteictive effect in pre and post-menopausal women by lowering plasma lipids and reducing oxidative stress. J Nutr 2005;135:1911-1917.
Garlic
Franco OH, Bonneux L, de Laet C, Peeters A, Steyerberg EW, Mackenbach JP. The Polymeal: a more natural, safer, and probably tastier (than the Polypill) strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 25%. BMJ 2004;329;1447-1450.
Krishnaswamy K. Traditional Indian spices and their health significance. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:265-8.
Tapsell LC, Hemphill I, Cobiac L, Patch CS, Sullivan DR, Fenech M, Roodenrys S, Keogh JB, Clifton PM, Williams PG, Fazio VA, Inge KE. Health benefits of herbs and spices: the past, the present, the future. Med J Aust. 2006 Aug 21;185(4 Suppl):S4-24
Herbs And Spices
Anand,P, Kunnumakara AB, Sundaram C, Harikumar KB, Tharakan ST, Lai OS, Sung B, Aggarwal BB. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharmaceutical Res 2008;25(9):2097-2116.
Anand P, Sundaram C, Jhurani S, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin and cancer: an "old-age" disease with an "age-old" solution. Cancer Lett 2008 (in press)
Kang J-H, Kim C-S, Han I-S, Kawada T, Yu R. Capsaicin, a spicy component of hot peppers, modulates adipokine gene expression and protein release from obese-mouse adipose tissues and isolated adipocytes, and suppresses the inflammatory responses of adipose tissue macrophages FEBS Letters 2007; 581: 4389-96.
Krishnaswamy K. Traditional Indian spices and their health significance. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:265-8.
Murakami A, Ohigashi H. Targeting NOX, INOS and COX-2 in inflammatory cells: chemoprevention using food phytochemicals. Int J Cancer. 2007 Dec 1;121(11):2357-63.
Middleton E Jr, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev. 2000 Dec;52(4):673-751.
Shukla Y, Singh M. Cancer preventive properties of ginger: a brief review. Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45:683-690.
Surh YJ. Anti-tumor promoting potential of selected spice ingredients with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities: a short review. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1091-1097.
Tapsell LC, Hemphill I, Cobiac L, Patch CS, Sullivan DR, Fenech M, Roodenrys S, Keogh JB, Clifton PM, Williams PG, Fazio VA, Inge KE. Health benefits of herbs and spices: the past, the present, the future. Med J Aust. 2006 Aug 21;185(4 Suppl):S4-24
Yoon JH, Baek SJ. Molecular targets of dietary polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties. Yonsei Med J. 2005 Oct 31;46(5):585-96.
Lean Game Meats
Hodgson JM, Ward NC, Burke V, Beilin L, Puddy IB. Increased lean red meat intake does not elevate markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in humans. J Nutr 2007; 137(2): 363-7.
Hickling S, Hung J, Knuiman M, Divitini M, Beilby J. Are the associations between diet and C-reactive protein independent of obesity? Prev Med 2008; doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.007.
Low Glycaemic Index (Gi) Foods
Galgani J, Aguirre C, Diaz E. Acute effect of meal glycaemic index and glycaemic load on blood glucose and insulin response in humans. Nutr J 2006; 5: 22-8.
Kallio P, Kolhmainen M, Laaksonen DE, Pulkkinenen L, Atalay M, Mykkanen H, Uusitupa m, Poutanen K, Niskanen L. Inflammation markers are modulated by responses to diets differing in postprandial responses in individuals with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1497-503.
Qi L, Hu FB. Dietary glycaemic load, whole grains and systemic inflammation in diabetes: the epidemiological evidence. Curr Opin Lipidol 2007;18(3):3-8.
Mediterranean/ Portfolio/ Healthy Diet
Badia E, Sacanella E, Fernadez-Sola J, Nicolas JM, Antunez E, Rotilio D, de Gaetano G, Urbano-Marquez A, Estruch R. Decreased tumor-necrosis factor-induced adhesion of human monocytes to endothelial cells after moderate alcohol consumption. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80: 225-230.
Blum S, Aviram M, Ben-Amotz A, Levy Y. Effect of a Mediterranean meal on post-prandial carotenoids, paraoxonase activity and C-reactive protein levels. Ann Nutr Metab 2006; 50: 20–4.
Bullَ M, Casas-Agustench P, Amigَ-Correig P, Aranceta J, Salas-Salvadَ J. Inflammation, obesity and comorbidities: the role of diet. Public Health Nutr. 2007 Oct;10(10A):1164-72
Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Azadbakht L, Hu FB, Willett WC. Dietary patterns and markers of systemic inflammation among Iranian women. J Nutr. 2007 Apr;137(4):992-8.
Franco OH, Bonneux L, de Laet C, Peeters A, Steyerberg EW, Mackenbach JP. The Polymeal: a more natural, safer, and probably tastier (than the Polypill) strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 25%. BMJ 2004;329;1447-1450.
Fung, TT, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Rifai N, Tofler GH, Willett WC, Hu FB. Association between dietary patterns and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:61–7.
Giugliano D, Esposito K. Mediterranean diet and metabolic diseases. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19(1): 63-8.
Jenkins DJ, Josse AR, Wong JM, Nguyen TH, Kendall CW. The portfolio diet for cardiovascular risk reduction
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2007 Dec;9(6):501-7.
Lopez-Garcia, E , SchulzeMB, Fung TT, Meigs JB, Rifai N, Manson JE, Hu FB. Major dietary patterns are related to plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1029 –35.
Nanri, A., Yoshida, D., Yamaji, T., Mizoue, T., Takayanagi, R., Kono, Dietary patterns and C-reactive protein in Japanese men and women. Am J Clin Nut 2008; 87 (5), pp. 1488-1496.
Nuts
Jenkins D, Kendall C, Josse A, et al. Almonds decrease post-prandial glycemia, insulinemia, and oxidative damage in healthy individuals. J Nutr 2006; 136: 2987–92.
Josse A, Kendall C, Augustin L, Ellis P, Jenkins D. Almonds an post-prandial glycemia—a dose-response study. Metabolism 2007;56:
400–4.
Salas-Salvadَ J, Casas-Agustench P, Murphy MM, Lَpez-Uriarte P, Bullَ M. The effect of nuts on inflammation. 1: Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:333-6.
Soy Protein
Cupisti A, Lorenzo G, D’Alessandro C, Kardasz I, Morelli E, Panichi V, Locati D, Morandi S, Saba A, Barsotti G, Taddei S, Arnoldi A, Salbetti A. Soy protein diet improves endothelial dysfunction in renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:229-234.
Chako BK, Chandler RT, Mundhekar A, Khoo N, Pruitt HM, Kucik DF, Parks DA, Kevil CG, Barnes S, Patel RP. Revealing anti-inflammatory mechanisms of soy isoflavones by flow: modulation of leukocyte-endothelial interaction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005;289:H908-H915.
Tea
Babu PV, Liu D. Green tea catechins and cardiovascular health: an update. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15(18):1840-50.
Byrans JA, Judd PA, Ellis PR. The effect of consuming instant black tea on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy humans. J Am Coll Nutr 2007;26: 471–7.
Cao H, Kelly MA, Kari F, Dawson HD, Urban JF Jr, Coves S, Roussel AM, Anderson RA. Green tea increases anti-inflammatory tristetraprolin and decreases pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor mRNA levels in rats. J Inflamm (Lond). 2007 Jan 5;4:1.
Chen L, Zang HY. Cancer protective mechanisms of the green tea polyphenol (-) –epigallocatchin-3-gallate. Molecules 2007; 12:946-957
De Bacquer D, Clays E, Delanghe J, De Backer G. Epidemiological evidence for an association between habitual tea consumption and markers of chronic inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2006; 189(2): 428-35.
Suganuma M, Sueoka E, Sueoka N, Okabe S, Fujiki H. Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea poyphenols based on inhibitionof TNF-alpha expression. Biofactors 200;13(1-4):67-72.
Vinegar
Ostman E, Granfeldt Y, Persson L, Bjorck I. Vinegar supplementation lowers glucose and insulin responses and increases satiety after a bread meal in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005;59:983-8.
Smoking Cessation
Lao, X.Q., Jiang, C.Q., Zhang, W.S., Adab, P., Lam, T.H., Cheng, K.K., Thomas, G.N. Smoking, smoking cessation and inflammatory markers in older Chinese men: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Atherosclerosis, 2008 Article in Press
Willemse BWM, Postma DS, Tiimes W, ten Hacken NHT. The impact of smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms, lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 464-467.
Weight Loss
Cambuli VM, Musiu MC, Incani M, Paderi M, Serpe R, Marras V, Cossu E, Cavallo MG, Mariotti S, Loche S, Baroni MG. Assessment of adiponectin and leptin as biomarkers of positive metabolic outcomes after lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May 20. [Epub ahead of print]
Lambert CP, Wright NR, Finck BN, Villareal DT. Exercise but not diet-induced weight loss decreases skeletal muscle inflammatory gene expression in frail obese elderly. J Appl Physiol. 2008 Jun 9. [Epub ahead of print]
St-Onge MP, Desmond R, Hunter G, Gower B. Baseline inflammatory markers do not modulate the lipid response to weight loss. Metabolism. 2008 May;57(5):598-604.
You T,Nicklas BJ. Chronic inflammation: role of adipose tissue and modulation by weight loss. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2006 Feb;2(1):29-37.
Add Reference
If you have a reference you would like to add to this table, please submit the details via our Contact Form.
